karpathy-2025-LLM-year-in-review

-bibliography

Karpathy. “2025 LLM Year in Review.” December 19, 2025. https://karpathy.bearblog.dev/year-in-review-2025/.

he lists the following ‘paradigm changes’ that have shifted the landscape. As a prominent thinker and figure in this space its interesting to read about his thoughts about important shifts in this domain

1. Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR)

2. Ghosts vs. Animals / Jagged Intelligence

3. Cursor / new layer of LLM apps

4. Claude Code / AI that lives on your computer

5. Vibe coding

6. Nano banana / LLM GUI